boiling point of water with elevation

Boiling point of water as a function of altitude/elevation/pressure?

From: http://www.hi-tm.com/Documents/Calib-boil.html

TABLE  1	Changes in Standard Temperature and Pressure (in Hg) as a Function of Altitude	(Ref. 1)		TABLE  2	Boiling Point as a Function of Barometric Pressure	(Ref. 2)
Altitude (ft.)	Pressure(in. Hg)	Boiling pt.(° F)		Pressure(in. Hg)	Boiling pt. (° F)	Boiling pt.[added or reduced](° F)
-500	30.466	212.9		27.6	208.04	-3.96
0	29.921	212.0		27.8	208.39	-3.61
500	29.384	211.1		28.0	208.75	-3.25
1000	28.855	210.2		28.2	209.10	-2.90
2000	27.821	208.4		28.4	209.44	-2.56
2500	27.315	207.5		28.6	209.79	-2.21
3000	26.817	206.6		28.8	210.13	-1.87
3500	26.326	205.7		29.0	210.47	-1.53
4000	25.842	204.8		29.2	210.81	-1.19
4500	25.365	203.9		29.4	211.15	-0.85
5000	24.896	203.0		29.6	211.48	-0.52
5500	24.434	202.0		29.8	211.81	-0.19
6000	23.978	201.1		29.921	212.00	0.00
6500	23.530	200.2		30.0	212.14	0.14
7000	23.088	199.3		30.2	212.46	0.46
7500	22.653	198.3		30.4	212.79	0.79
8000	22.225	197.4		30.6	213.11	1.11
8500	21.803	196.4		30.8	213.43	1.43
9000	21.388	195.5		31.0	213.75	1.75
9500	20.979	194.6		31.2	214.07	2.07
10000	20.577	193.6		31.4	214.38	2.38

 

Why?

From: http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/phy00/phy00252.htm

Pressure in atmospheres, follow the relation:  p = e^(-ay)  where:
 p is pressure [in atm]
a is 1.16*10^-4 [m^-1] and 
y  is altitude [in m]   
From my chemistry text, log (Po/P) = (deltaH/W)((1/T)-(1/373)) where:
Po is sea level pressure (atmospheres), 
P is pressure, deltaH is  40,700 J/mol, 
W 19.15 [this is a constant of proportionality from the  linearization of a Vapor pressure (atm) vs Temperature  graph.  
Specifically, log p = (-deltaH/19.15*T) + C], T is boiling point  desired and 373 is boiling point of water at one atmosphere.

Build muscle while losing fat

View -- http://www.myimagespace.com/public/viewset/788
Edit -- http://www.myimagespace.com/public/manage/lxesz67qke_788

Taco Bell Healthiness

Who doesn't love Taco Bell?! (Don't try and be a hero, Mr "Taco-Smell"-hater) But it takes some work to take a healthy crack at it, there. And, no, Mr "President of Taco Bell", taking away all the cheese, replacing tortilla with floppy cracker, and calling it "Fresco" does not make an item healthy -- it makes it a crying shame.

Lowest Calorie Items



Most Healthy Items
Assuming fat-calories are undesirable, but other calories provide needed (and filling) nutrients for your meal, a high calorie-to-fat ratio would give you a more relatively healthy item.



Most Filling Items
A large item that has a low ratio of calories-to-weight will pack a bigger punch for your stomach, with less of a punch to your gut.

Myspace/Facebook pic sizes (S/M/L) trick

Even been cruising the ol 'space or 'cebook, and see a very small pic you that you'd like to see larger, only to discover your friend has all their pics set to private, their whole profile set to private, or you just plain are too lazy to log in?

Well if it's just that one pic you're interested in, I've got the trick for you. Copy the URL for this small pic, and just edit the "size letter" for the address to see a different size! (If you don't know how to get the URL for an image, you don't belong reading my prose! But here's how: download Firefox from getfirefox.com, install it, go to the page with the pic, then right-click the pic and select "Copy image location")

For Myspace: s, m, or l...

http://a766.ac-images.myspacecdn.com/images01/8/s_80c85848d4eb5bba0e747be8ddcc7b7d.jpg


http://a766.ac-images.myspacecdn.com/images01/8/m_80c85848d4eb5bba0e747be8ddcc7b7d.jpg


http://a766.ac-images.myspacecdn.com/images01/8/l_80c85848d4eb5bba0e747be8ddcc7b7d.jpg







For Facebook: q, t, s, n...
It's not as useful as the Myspace trick, since you can't really get to the "big" pic, and the letters are way harder to remember (sQuare, Tiny, Small, Normal ??) but still kinda neat

http://profile.ak.facebook.com/profile5/1982/19/q23331275_3878.jpg


http://profile.ak.facebook.com/profile5/1982/19/t23331275_3878.jpg


http://profile.ak.facebook.com/profile5/1982/19/s23331275_3878.jpg


http://profile.ak.facebook.com/profile5/1982/19/n23331275_3878.jpg

Quickly fix a non-booting Windows machine

If you receive one of the below error messages after turning on your PC, its registry somehow got corrupted last time you used windows (Don't worry, it's easy to fix!)...

• Windows XP could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt:
  \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SYSTEM

• Windows XP could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt:
  \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SOFTWARE

• Stop: c0000218 {Registry File Failure} The registry cannot load the hive (file):
  \SystemRoot\System32\Config\SOFTWARE or its log or alternate

• System error: Lsass.exe
  When trying to update a password the return status indicates that the value provided as the current password is not correct.

This has happened to me a couple times, so I'm hoping others will find this of use to them. I used these directions from Microsoft to fix my problem the first time but realized they are way, way more complicated than the needed to be so I re-wrote it for myself.

Here is an overview of this simple fix procedure:

1. Boot off of a different disk so you can copy/delete files
2. Find the registry files from a recent restore point
3. Copy and rename them
4. Replace the corrupt registry files with these recent ones

Here we go:

1. Boot off a different disk
• If you’re an Intel Mac owner, just boot into the Mac OS
• Otherwise, if you don’t already have a bootable floppy disk, you can download a simple program to create one (on a different computer) from the first link below. Also read the instructions at the second link.
• http://1gighost.net/virginia/xpquick.exe
• http://www.bootdisk.com/txtfiles/xpquick.txt
2. Navigate to c:\System Volume Information\
• If you installed windows on the “d:\” or other drive, obviously you should be using that drive for these directions instead of the “c:\” drive.
3. This folder contains one or more folders starting with “_restore…”.
   For example: “_restore{87BD3667-3246-476B-923F-F86E30B3E7F8}”.
• If there is only one “_restore” folder, then open that one.
• If there is more than one, the newest one might be corrupt, so check their creation dates. If the newest one was created about the time your registry failed then open the second-newest. Otherwise just open the newest one.
4. This folder contains one or more folders starting with “RP…” such as “RP123”. These are “restore points”. Open the second-most recent one just to be safe.
5. This folder contains a “Snapshot” folder. Open it.
6. This folder contains the five files that made up the registry when this restore point was created:
• _REGISTRY_USER_.DEFAULT
• _REGISTRY_MACHINE_SECURITY
• _REGISTRY_MACHINE_SOFTWARE
• _REGISTRY_MACHINE_SYSTEM
• _REGISTRY_MACHINE_SAM
7. Copy those five files to a temporary location, and rename the copies to:
• DEFAULT
• SECURITY
• SOFTWARE
• SYSTEM
• SAM
8. Use these five files to replace the corrupt registry files
• The corrupt ones are located in c:\windows\system32\config\
• Just delete or move (out of that folder) the five corrupt files, then copy or move (into that folder) the five restored ones.
9. That’s it. Restart and boot off your normal drive.